Optimization of water extraction technology of Xiangqin jiere granules by orthogonal design based on G1-entropy weight compared with BP neural network / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE Optimizing the water extraction technology of Xiangqin jiere granules. METHODS The orthogonal test of 3 factors and 3 levels was designed， and comprehensive scoring was conducted for the above indexes by using G1-entropy weight to obtain the optimized water extraction technology of Xiangqin jiere granules with water addition ratio， extraction time and extraction times as factors， using the contents of forsythoside A， baicalin， phillyrin， oroxylin A-7-O-β-D-glycoside， wogonoside， baicalein and wogonin， and extraction rate as evaluation indexes. BP neural network modeling was used to optimize the network model and water extraction process using the results of 9 groups of orthogonal tests as test and training data， the water addition multiple， decocting time and extraction times as input nodes， and the comprehensive score as output nodes. Then the two analysis methods were compared by verification test to find the best water extraction process parameters. RESULTS The water extraction technology optimized by the orthogonal test was 8-fold water， extracting 3 times， extracting for 1 h each time. Comprehensive score was 96.84 （RSD＝0.90%）. The optimal water extraction technology obtained by BP neural network modeling included 12-fold water， extracting 4 times， extracting for 0.5 h each time. The comprehensive score was 92.72 （RSD＝0.77%）， which was slightly lower than that of the orthogonal test. CONCLUSIONS The water extraction technology of Xiangqin jiere granules is optimized successfully in the study， which includes adding 8-fold water， extracting 3 times， and extracting for 1 hour each time.

Construction of ATMT System for Clonostachys rosea and Its Conditional Optimization of Colonization into Glycyrrhiza uralensis Seeds / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveAgrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation （ATMT） of Clonostachys rosea， an endophytic fungus of Glycyrrhiza uralensis seeds， was established and optimized， and orthogonal test was designed to optimize the colonization conditions of C. rosea for G. uralensis seeds， so as to lay foundation for the development of biofertilizer and the breeding of high-quality G. uralensis. MethodThe conditions of ATMT were optimized from three aspects， including the concentration of acetosyringone， co-culture time and the concentration of conidia of recipient fungi. Then， high-quality transformants were selected. Orthogonal test was used to optimize the colonization conditions by taking co-culture temperature， co-culture time and spore concentration as factors and colonization rate as index. ResultWhen spore concentration was 1×107 cfu·mL-1， acetosyringone concentration was 150 μmol·L-1 and the co-culture time was 60 h， the transformation efficiency of C. rosea was the highest， which was 135 transformants per 1×107 recipient fungal spores. The accuracy and stability of the transformations were tested by cloning the marker gene green fluorescent protein （GFP） and β-glucuronidase （GUS） staining. When co-culture temperature was 25 ℃， co-culture time was 36 h and the spore concentration was 1×106 cfu·mL-1， the colonizing rate for C. rosea back dyeing into G. uralensis seeds by seed soaking method was the highest， which was 71.11%. ConclusionThis study successfully establishes stable and efficient technical systems not only of ATMT in C. rosea， but also of colonization of the transformants into G. uralensis seeds， which can lay a foundation for the development of biofertilizer of G. uralensis.

Optimization of extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Gastrodiae Rhizoma based on network pharmacology and multi-index orthogonal test / 中国中药杂志

To optimize the extraction process of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Gastrodiae Rhizoma herb pair by network pharmacology combined with analytic hierarchy process(AHP)-entropy weight method and multi-index orthogonal test. The potential active components and targets of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Gastrodiae Rhizoma were screened by network pharmacology and molecular docking, and the process evaluation indexes were determined with reference to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition). The core components of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Gastrodiae Rhizoma were determined as gastrodin, parishin B, parishin C, parishin E, ferulic acid, and 3-butylphthalide. With the extraction volume of each indicator and yield of dry extract as comprehensive evaluation indicators, the extraction conditions were optimized by the AHP-entropy weight method and orthogonal test as the ethanol volume of 50%, the solid-liquid ratio of 1∶8(g·mL~(-1)), extraction for three times, and 1.5 h each time. Through network pharmacology and molecular docking, the process evaluation index was determined, and the optimized process was stable and reproducible for the extraction of Chuanxiong Rhizoma-Gastrodiae Rhizoma herb pair, which could provide reference for in-depth research.

Hot water washing processing technology of Euodiae Fructus based on change laws of active components and tastes / 中国中药杂志

In order to establish the standardized processing technology of the hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus, this study, based on the traditional processing method of hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus recorded in ancient works and modern processing specifications of traditional Chinese medicine decoction pieces, took the yield of decoction pieces and the content of main components as the indicators and optimized the processing conditions by orthogonal test based on the results of single factor investigation. At the same time, electronic tongue technology was used to analyze the change law of the taste index of Euodiae Fructus during the hot water washing. The results of the single factor investigation showed that the content of the main components in Euodiae Fructus showed some regular changes during the processing. Specifically, the content of chlorogenic acid, hyperin, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, isorhamnetin-3-O-galactoside, and dehydroevodiamine decreased significantly, with average decreases of-23.75%,-27.80%,-14.04%,-14.03%, and-13.11%, respectively. The content of limonin increased significantly with an average increase of 19.83%. The content of evodiamine, rutaecarpine, evocarpine, and dihydroevocarpine showed fluctuating changes and generally increased, with average variation amplitudes of 0.54%,-3.78%, 2.69%, and 5.13%, respectively. The orthogonal test results showed that the optimum processing parameters for the hot water washing of Euodiae Fructus were as follows: washing time of 2 min, the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶10 g·mL~(-1), washing temperature of 80 ℃, washing once, and drying at 50 ℃. After the hot water washing processing, the average yield of Euodiae Fructus pieces was 94.80%. The content of limonin, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine was higher than those of raw pro-ducts, and the average transfer rates were 102.56%, 103.15%, and 105.16%, respectively. The content of dehydroevodiamine was lower than that of the raw products, and the average transfer rate was 83.04%. The results of taste analysis showed that the hot water washing could significantly reduce the salty, astringent, and bitter tastes of Euodiae Fructus. This study revealed the influence of the hot water washing on the content of main components and taste of Euodiae Fructus, and the processing technology of the hot water was-hing of Euodiae Fructus established in this study was stable, feasible, and suitable for industrial production, which laid a foundation for clarifying its processing principle and improving the quality standard and clinical application value of decoction pieces.

Characterization of butaselen-2,6-dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes and preparation of injectable solutions / 药学学报

In this study, butaselen-2,‍6-dimethyl-‍β‍-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes were prepared by saturated aqueous solution method to improve the solubility of butaselen, so as to obtain its injection solutions. The content of butaselen in the inclusions was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then the preparation process was optimized by orthogonal design using the inclusion ratio as an indicator. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to verify the structure of the inclusions. The effects of the inclusions on the solubility and stability of butaselen were also investigated. The results showed that the optimized preparation process with a mass ratio of 1∶340, an encapsulation time of 3 h and an encapsulation temperature of 70 ℃ resulted in an encapsulation ratio of (91.24 ± 0.42) %, and the results of XRD, FTIR and SEM demonstrated the formation of inclusion complexes. The developed HPLC method is rapid, simple, accurate, applicable, specific and reproducible for the determination of butaselen content in butaselen cyclodextrin inclusion complexes, which can lay the foundation for the development of new butaselen dosage forms and clinical applications and provide technical support.

Optimization of Extraction and Purification Process of Total Iridoids and Total Crocins in Gardeniae Fructus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo optimize the extraction and purification process of Gardeniae Fructus for industrial production， and to obtain the total iridoid and total crocin extracts. MethodOrthogonal test was used to optimize the water extraction process by taking contents of geniposide， genipin gentiobioside， gardenoside， crocin-1 and crocin-2 as indicators and the decocting time， decocting times and water amount as factors. The purification process was optimized by single factor test， and four different types of macroporous adsorption resins were screened. The process conditions such as resin type， maximum loading amount， water washing amount， ethanol concentration， ethanol dosage， and flow rate of sample loading were mainly investigated. In addition， the drying methods （vacuum drying and spray drying） of the extract were investigated， and a pilot scale-up verification test was carried out. ResultThe optimal water extraction process of Gardeniae Fructus was to add 15， 10 times the amount of water for decocting twice， 1 h each time. The optimal purification process was as follows：the water extract through SP825L macroporous resin column， the amount of crude drug-the amount of resin （1∶1.5）， the sample loading flow rate of 3 BV h-1， adding 2 BV of water to remove impurities， adding 4 BV of 30% ethanol to obtain the iridoid part， then adding 3 BV of 70% ethanol to obtain the crocin part， collecting the ethanol lotion， and drying at 70 ℃. Under these conditions， the extraction amount of total iridoids was 590.75 mg·g-1 with the transfer rate of 70.48%， and the yield of dry extract was 8.89%. The extraction amount of total crocins was 83.37 mg·g-1 with the transfer rate of 22.20%， and the dry extract yield was 2.60%. ConclusionThe optimized extraction and purification process is stable and feasible with high extraction rate of active components， which is suitable for the industrial extraction and purification of active parts of Gardeniae Fructus.

Processing technology of rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix unearthed from tomb of Haihunhou in the Western Han Dynasty / 中国中药杂志

With the rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix unearthed from the tomb of Haihunhou in the Western Han Dynasty as the re-ference, the present study evaluated the quality of Rehmanniae Radix and investigated the processing technology of rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix to lay the foundation for the research on rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix products. With catalpol and rehmannioside D as the investigation indexes, the quality and grade of Rehmanniae Radix from different producing areas were evaluated with the methods in 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. UPLC method was established for the determination of catalpol and rehmannioside D in the rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix. The effects of steaming time, the amount of supplementary rice, and steaming times in the rice-steamed processing on the quality of products were investigated by L_9(3~4) orthogonal test and multi-index comprehensive balance scoring method combined with the content of catalpol and rehmannioside D and appearance characteristics. At last, the stability of the processing technology was tested. The results showed that the optimal processing technology for rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix was as follows: Rehmanniae Radix and rice(200 g∶4 g) were steamed twice at atmospheric pressure, four hours each time. The mass fractions of catalpol and rehmannioside D were 0.184% and 0.335%, respectively, and the character score was 6.5. The processing conditions are reaso-nable, stable, and feasible. It can provide a basis for the restoration of the ancient rice-steamed processing technology and references for the development of rice-steamed Rehmanniae Radix products in the future.

Study on preparation of poly-Carboxyhemoglobin by glutaraldehyde crosslinking / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the preparation conditions of hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC) at room temperature without oxygen isolation and the quality of poly-COHb. 【Methods】 Using human cord blood hemoglobin as raw material and glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent, the experimental group selected hemoglobin concentration, glutaraldehyde to COHb molar ratio, reaction time and reaction temperature to do four factors and three levels of orthogonal test (n=3), to determine the best matching conditions and prepare three batches of poly-COHb, continuously.In the control, 3 batches of poly-Hb were prepared under low temperature and oxygen isolation.The contents of superlarge molecules, degree of polymerization, average molecular weight, methemoglobin and P50 of crosslinked products were compared between the two groups. 【Results】 The optimal matching conditions of poly-COHb were as follows: [Hb] 70g/L, the molar ratio of glutaraldehyde to COHb was 11∶1, the reaction time was 60 min, and the reaction temperature was 25℃.Comparison of poly-COHb and poly-Hb: The superlarge molecular content (%) was 0.67±0.51 vs 0.60±0.01 (P>0.05); degree of polymerization (%) and average molecular weight (kD) were 84.25±0.99 vs 54.16±5.12, and 235.27±13.50 vs 97.62±6.57, respectively.(P<0.05); methemohemoglobin ratio (%) was 2.40±0.66 vs 2.47±0.46 (P>0.05); P50 (mmHg) was 6.37±0.30 vs 14.20±1.09 (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Poly-COHb can be prepared at room temperature without oxygen isolation.Compared with poly-Hb, poly-COHb prepared under the experimental conditions can improve the polymerization degree and average molecular weight, and greatly reduce the difficulty of preparation.

Study on Puerariae Lobamle Radix with UPLC fingerprint / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To establish the UPLC fingerprint analysis method for Puerariae Lobamle Radix. Methods:The column was Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse Plus C18 column (2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.8 μm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile (A)-0.1% formic acid (b), gradient elution, flow rate was 0.3 ml/min. The detection wavelength was 250 nm. The column temperature was set at 30 ℃. The sample volume was 2 μl, and the similarity evaluation system of traditional Chinese medicine fingerprint was adopted. The cluster analysis, principal component analysis and partial least square method in SPSS software were used to judge the differences of Pueraria lobata from different habitats.Results:With puerarin as reference peak, 22 common peaks were calibrated, and 6 peaks were identified. The similarity of 25 batches of samples was above 0.990 except S22 was 0.935, which indicated that the samples were with good consistency. Through cluster analysis, principal component analysis and partial least square analysis, 25 batches of Puerariae Lobamle Radix can be clustered into 4-5 categories, and different components such as 3'-hydroxy puerarin were found. The extraction process of Puerariae Lobamle Radix was optimized based on analytic hierarchy process and multi-index orthogonal test. The results showed that adding 50% ethanol 40 ml and refluxing for 40 min was the best extraction process. Conclusion:UPLC fingerprint is suitable for Puerariae Lobamle Radix, and the results are reliable. It can be used as a quality evaluation method for Puerariae Lobamle Radix.

Optimization of blending method of Shuanghuanglian injection and its stability study in different solvents / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To optimize the blending method of Shuanghuanglian injection, and to investigate its stability in different solvents (0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% glucose injection, 10% glucose injection, glucose and sodium chloride injection). Methods:By using orthogonal test to optimize the best dissolution method of Shuanghuanglian injection By measuring the content change of insoluble particles, pH value and principal components (baicalin, forsythione, chlorogenic acid) in the finished products to investigatethe stability of Shuanghuanglian injection in different solvents. Results:The optimal blending method of Shuanghuanglian injection was to add 5 ml sterilized water for injection into the vial and oscillate at 1 200 r/min frequency for 5 min. The main constituents of Shuanghuanglian injection were stable in 8 h in the infusion of four kinds of finished products. Insoluble particles in 0.9% sodium chloride infusion and 5% glucose infusion met the requirements within 8 h, and insoluble particles in 10% glucose infusion and 6 h glucose and sodium chloride infusion met the requirements. The pH value of 0.9% sodium chloride infusion within 8 h met the optimal requirements of the best compatibility, 5% glucose infusion within 2 h met the requirements, and 4 h sodium chloride infusion met the requirements of the best compatibility. Conclusion:This study optimized the best preparation method of Shuanghuanglian (freeze-dried) for injection. Sodium chloride injection should be used as the solvent to prepare finished infusion in clinical application, and 5% glucose injection should be prepared just before use.

Formulation Optimization of Zuojin Pectin Capsule and Its Protective Effect on Gastric Ulcer Model Rats / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To optimize the form ulation of Zuojin pectin c apsules，and to prepare modern Zuojin pectin capsules with protective effects against gastric ulcers. METHODS ：The formulation of Zuojin pectin capsules was optimized with orthogonal test with the contents of pectin ，soluble starch and dextrin as factors ，using formability ，moisture absorption and flow ability as indicators. Zuojin pectin capsule was prepared by wet granulation filling method with Zuojin extract powder as raw material. The contents of palmatine hydrochloride ，berberine hydrochloride ，evodiamine and rutaecarpin were evaluated by HPLC. Basket method was used to investigate the release behavior of the capsule in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution. The gastric ulcer model of rats was established by intragastric administration of 75％ ethanol. Gastric ulcer index ，the inhibition rate of gastric ulcer and the pathological sections were used as indexes to investigate the protective effect of Zuojin pectin capsules （the doses were 54，108， 216 mg/kg）on gastric ulcer. RESULTS ：The optimal formulation of Zuojin pectin capsules included 45％ pectin，12％ soluble starch，27％ dextrin and 1％ xylitol. Results of in vitro drug ， release showed that palmatine hydrochloride and berberine， hydrochloride in Zuojin pectin capsules released 53.76％ and No.54.82％ respectively within 1 h，completely released at about 8 h， and conformed to the zero-order release behavior. 2492109374@qq.com Different doses of Zuojin pectin capsule could improve the ulcer injury of gastric tissue in gastric ulcer model rats to different extent ，and significantly reduced the gastric ulcer index（P＜0.01），significantly increased the inhibition rate of gastric ulcer and the percentage of positive expression area of Schiff ’s iodate staining （P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS ：Zuojin pectin capsule with protective effect on gastric ulcer and certain sustained- release effect is successfully prepared.

Establishment of the Microwave Processing Technology of Yellow Wine-processed Curculigo orchioides and Comparison with Traditional Technology / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish the microwave processing technology of yellow wine-processed Curculigo orchioides ， and compare it with traditional technology. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the contents of curculigoside ， orcinol glucoside and orcinol gentiobioside in C. orchioides . Based on the single factor tests ，microwave processing technology was optimized and validated with orthogonal test combined with comprehensive weighted scoring method ，with the amount of yellow wine，microwave power ，wetting time and microwave time as factors ，using the contents of curculigoside ，orcinol glucoside ， orcinol gentiobioside and ethanol soluble extract as the indexes. The contents of C. orchioides decoction pieces and processed products were compared. RESULTS ：The optimal microwave processing technology included that the amount of yellow wine was 20％（the weight of C. orchioides decoction pieces was 20％），microwave power was 300 W，wetting time was 3 h，microwave time was 2 min. After 3 times of validation tests ，average contents of curculigoside，orcinol glucoside ，orcinol gentiobioside and ethanol soluble extract were 0.095 6％，0.723 9％，0.406 6％，10.115 3％，and RSD were 0.71％，0.54％，0.99％，1.44％（n＝3）. Average comprehensive score were 99.08（RSD＝0.69％，n＝3）. Except for the content of ethanol soluble extract in traditional wine-processed product ，the contents of curculigoside and orcinol gentiobioside in traditional wine-processed product and microwave processed product as well as the content of ethanol soluble extract in microwave processed product were all significantly higher than C. orchioides decoction pieces ；the contents of curculigoside and orcinol gentiobioside in microwave processed product were both significantly higher than traditional wine-processed product （P＜0.05）. The contents of orcinol glucoside in 2 processed product were significantly lower than C. orchioides decoction pieces ，while the microwave processed product was significantly higher than traditional wine-processed product （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：Optimized microwave processing technology is stable and feasible ，and can be used for the processing of yellow wine-processed C. orchioides .

Optimization of the Extraction Technology of Zhideke Granules / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To optimize the extraction technology of Zhideke granules. ME THODS：The extraction technology （water extraction ，alcohol extraction ，water extraction and ethanol precipitation ）of Zhideke granules was initially screened by ammonia-induced cough experiment and xylene-induced ear swelling experiment in mice. Based on its preparation route ，the immersion time of medicinal materials containing volatile oil was investigated with water absorption as index firstly. The single factor test was adopted to investigate the amount of water added and the extraction time taking the volatile oil yield as index to optimize the extraction technology of medicinal materials containing volatile oil. Taking the contents of irisflorentin and total flavonoids as indicators ，on the basis of single factor investigation ，orthogonal test was adopted to examine the influence of three factors including the amount of water added ，extraction time and extraction frequency ，so as to optimize the water extraction technology of Zhideke granules and the validation tests were conducted. RESULTS ：The results of pharmacodynamics experiment showed that the cough latency of mice in water extract low-dose and high-dose groups （6.34，12.68 g/kg，by crude drug ）and water-extraction alcohol-precipitation extract high-dose group （12.68 g/kg，by crude drug ）were significantly longer than those inmodel group ，and the number of cough within 2 minutes was significantly reduced （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with model group ， the ear swelling of mice in water extract low-dose and high-dose groups （6.34，12.68 g/kg，by crude drug），ethanol extract high-dose group （12.68 g/kg，by crude drug） and water-extraction alcohol-precipitation extract hig dose group （12.68 g/kg，by crude drug ） were decreased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The swelling inhibition rates were 42.26％，55.08％，33.49％，51.56％，39.57％ and 44.36％ in low-dose and high-dose groups of water extract ，alcohol extract ， water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation extract respectively ，indicating that the water extract had better antitussive and anti-inflammatory effects. The optimal extraction technology of volatile oil was adding 5-fold water ，soaking for 30 minutes，and extracting for 3 hours. The optimal water extraction technology was adding 12-fold water ，extracting for 3 times after soaked for 50 min，lasting for 1 h each time. Results of 3 times of validation tests showed that average content of irisflorentin in the extract obtained by optimal technology was 76.47 μg/g（RSD＝ 2.15％，n＝3）and the average content of total flavonoids was 92.45 mg/g（RSD＝0.48％，n＝3）. CONCLUSIONS ：The optimal extraction technology of Zhideke granules is stable and feasible.

Processing technology for reducing toxicity of fried Tripterygium wilfordii in Lysimachia christinae decoction / 中国中药杂志

On the basis of the previous work of the research group, the orthogonal design method was further used to optimize the processing technology for reducing toxicity of fried Tripterygium wilfordii in Lysimachia christinae Decoction. A total of 9 processed products of T.wilfordii in L.christinae decoction were prepared by four factors and three levels orthogonal design table. The contents of triptolide in T.wilfordii were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) before and after processing: 4.27, 3.92, 3.57, 2.75, 2.42, 2.66, 3.51, 1.87, 1.75, 2.03 μg·g~(-1). On this basis, the above processed products were orally given to mice for 28 days. 12 hours after the last administration, food fasting except water was provided, and 24 hours later, the eyeballs were taken for blood and liver tissue. Serum biochemical indexes, liver lipid peroxidation and antioxidant related indexes were detected by kit method. Twenty-eight days after oral administration of raw T.wilfordii, the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), alkaline phosphatase(ALP) and liver malondialdehyde(MDA) in mice increased by 91%(P<0.01), 46%(P<0.05), 73%(P<0.01) and 99%(P<0.01), while the liver antioxidant indexes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione(GSH), glutathione peroxidase(GPX) and glutathione-S transferase(GST) significantly decreased(P<0.01). After administration of the processed products, the above indexes were significantly reversed(P<0.01 or P<0.05). Especially, the processing conditions of A_3B_2C_1D_3 had the best detoxification effect on T.wilfordii, which decreased the high levels of AST, ALT, ALP and MDA by 49%(P<0.01), 32%(P<0.01), 42%(P<0.01), and 17%(P<0.05). Therefore, the best processing conditions for T.wilfordii in L.christinae decoction were A_3B_2C_1D_3, namely "15% mass fraction of L.christinae, 1 h moistening time, 160 ℃ frying temperature, and 9 min frying time".

Study on Polyethylene Glycol Modification of RAGE Specific Antagonist Peptide

Aim We want to increase the biological stability of short peptides by PEG modification. Methods Throughconnecting the maleimide group to one end of polyethylene glycol and adding a cysteine (Cys) to one end ofthe short peptide, the short peptide was finally modified by PEG through chemical bonds. We established areverse high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) detection method to detect the change ofsubstances before and after the reaction; screened out the optimal detection method by orthogonal test;purified the modified short peptide by ultrafiltration; detected the reaction by infrared spectroscopy Changesin functional groups; tested the stability of RP-1 in rat plasma before and after modification. Result anddiscussion Through single factor test and orthogonal test, the pH in the reaction was 6, reaction temperaturewas 25 ˚C, reaction time was 1H, and reaction ratio was PEG: RP-1C 1:1.5. The solution does not contain RP-1Cafter ultrafiltration. Peripheral plasma stability testing found that the modified short peptides greatlyenhanced the stability. Conclusion Through experiments, we found the best conditions for the modification ofshort peptides, purification methods, and the stability of the modified short peptides was greatly improved.

Study on the Extraction Technology of Fructus Gleditisae Abnormalis and GC-MS Analysis of Extracted Com- ponents / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To establish and optimize a extraction method of Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormallis ，and to analyze and identify chemical components of the extract simultaneously. METHODS ：Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormallis was extracted with CO 2 supercritical fluid extraction （SFE）method. Based on single factor tests ，using extraction yield as index ，extraction temperature ， extraction pressure and extraction time as investigation factors ，SFE technology was optimized with orthogonal test ，and validation test was performed. Chemical components in the extract were identified by GC-MS. Relative percentage of each component was calculated with area normalization method. RESULTS ：The optimal SFE extraction technology of Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormallis was extraction temperature of 60 ℃，extraction pressure of 300 MPa and pression time of 15 min. Average extraction of 3 times of validation tests was 1.73％（RSD＝1.78％，n＝3）. The 48 components in the extracts of Fructus Gleditsiae Abnormallis were identified，which accounted for 98.31％ of the total amount of the extracts. The extracts of Fructus Gleditisae Abnormalis mainly included organic acids ，accounting for 36.99％，followed by alkaloids ，accounting for 12.59％ in total. Main components were palmitic acid （16.62％），oleic acid （14.12％），N-aminotetrahydropyrrole（9.79％），2，6-dimethyloctane-1，7-dien-3-ol（5.95％）， tetrahydropyran（3.83％），vanillin（3.39％），etc. CONCLUSIONS ：SFE method of Fructus Gleditisae Abnormalis is established successfully，and the extract is mainly organic acids.

Optimization of inclusion process of Huaweishu Granules volatile oil based on the multi-index comprehensive scoring method / 中草药

Objective: To optimize the inclusion process for the volatile oil in Huaweishu Granules. Methods: Taking the ratio of volatile oil to β-cyclodextrin, inclusion temperature, stirring speed and stirring time as the factors, the inclusion process conditions were optimized by orthogonal test, the weight coefficients of each index were determined by entropy weight method, and the inclusion complex was verified by thin layer chromatography. Results: The inclusion rate of volatile oil obtained by stirring method was the highest, with the ratio of β-cyclodextrin to volatile oil of 10:1, the inclusion temperature was 40 ℃, the stirring time was 1 h, and the stirring rate was 400 r/min. Conclusion: The optimized volatile oil inclusion process is stable and feasible, with high inclusion rate of volatile oil and yield of inclusion compound.

Study on the inclusion technic of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in tea tree oil and evaluation of its included compounds / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective@#This study takes hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) as the inclusion materials to optimize the preparation technic of tea tree oil (TTO) and evaluate its pharmaceutical performance.@*Methods@#Take the production rate of HP-β-CD tea tree oil inclusion and entrapment rate as the evaluation index, taking the orthogonal test method to optimize the production technic of tea tree oil (HP-β-CD inclusion and using infrared (IR), differential thermal scanning (DSC) method to characterize the inclusion compound to analyze the stability of TTO-HP-β-CD.@*Results@#The best technic to produce HP-β-CD tea tree oil is as follow: the ratio of TTO and HP-β-CD should be equal to 1/10, at 40 ℃, within 1 h. The average drug loading shoud be 9.25% ± 3.25%. The IR, DSC characterization results showed that the characteristic peak of tea tree oil disappeared after the microspheres, which indicated the HP-β-CD encapsulated the tea tree oil with good compatibility. In 80 ℃ water bath, the TTO-HP-β-CD was stable with the retention rate 40% after 8 h, the retention rate was 4.32 times than that of the unwrapped tea tree oil.@*Conclusions@#The HP-β-CD tea tree oil obviously has higher rate of inclusion and stability. Therefore, it’s worth to promoting and being used in the pharmacy preparations and cosmetics field.

Optimization of the Water Extraction and Ethanol Pricipitation Technology of Zhuang Medicine Baijin Granules by Pharmacodynamics Combined with Orthogonal Test / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To optimize the water extraction and ethanol precipitation technology of Zhuang medicine Baijin granules. METHODS ：HPLC method was adopted to determine the content of bergenin in Baijin granules extract. The extraction routes of Baijin granules （water decoction ，70％ ethanol reflux extraction ，water decoction combined with 70％ ethanol reflux extraction）was screened primarily with the yield of extract and the experiment of reducing uric acid of mice. The orthogonal test was adopted to optimize water extraction technology of Baijin granules with water multiple ，extraction time and extraction times as factors，taking the extraction yield and the bergenin content as index ，then the validation test was carried out. The orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the alcohol precipitation process of Baijin granules including the relative density of medicinal materials ， alcohol content and the alcohol precipitation time ，then the validation test was carried out. By the experiment of reducing uric acid ， the effects of medicinal materials extract of Baijin granules extract were compared before and after ethanol precipitation. RESLUTS：Established method for content determination of bergenin with linearity range of 0.007 2-0.288 mg/mL，had good precision，reproducibility，stability and accuracy. The initially chosen extraction process of Baijin granules was water decoction extraction. The optimal water extraction technology was soaked for 0.5 h，then decocted for 3 times with 14-fold water （mL/g）and 1.0 h each time. The optimal ethanol precipitation process was to concentrate the water extract to a relative density of 1.0 g/mL with alcohol content of liquid at 60％ and precipitated for 12 h. Validation tests showed that RSDs of extract yield and beragenin content were all lower than 2％（n＝3）. The experiment of pharmacodynamics showed that water extract （before ethanol precipitation ）and water extract after alcohol precipitation could significantly decrease the level of uric acid in hyperuricemia model mice （P＜0.01）. There was no statistical significance in the reduction of uric acid between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. CONCLUSIONS ：The optimized water extraction technology can obtain good extract yield and bergenin content ，and combined with ethanol precipitation technology for removing excess impurities would not affect the pharmacodynamics. The water extraction and ethanol precipitation technology is feasible，and can be used for extracting the medicinal materials of Baijin granules and its edulcoration.

Establishment of quality control method for biological activity of Honghua injection / 中国药理学通报

Aim To establish a method for determining the antithrombotic biological activity of Honghua injection, which can be used to evaluate and control its quality. Methods Collagen-adrenalin was used to induce mouse acute cerebral thrombosis model and hemiplegic protection rate of Honghua injection in mice as an index to investigate the antithrombotic activity of Honghua injection. The experimental conditions of the administration dosage, inducer dosage, and different strains of mice were investigated, and the experimental conditions were optimized by orthogonal design. Results Honghua injection which was made by 5. 0 g crude drug · kg-1and continuously ip for 3 d, had obvious protective effect on collagen-adrenalin-induced acute cerebral thrombosis in mice. The established biological activity limit method showed a good repeatability, intermediate precision, and reproducibility. Each sample showed different degrees of differences in biological activity. Conclusions The thrombus test in mice can be used as a method for measuring the biological activity of Honghua injection. It is recommended to use 5. 0 g crude drug · kg-1dose as the limit for bioactive process optimization and product quality controlment of Honghua injection.